期市护航橡胶产业发展

日前,天然橡胶期货迎来上市30周年。天然橡胶与石油、钢铁、煤炭并称世界四大工业原料,是国防和工业建设不可缺少的重要战略资源。1993年3月27日,天然橡胶期货在上海期货交易所上市。

30年来,上海期货交易所坚持服务实体经济的根本方向,推动期货市场与橡胶产业行业共同发展。目前已建立覆盖期货期权、场内场外,连通境内境外的多层次天然橡胶衍生品体系,涵盖天然橡胶期货、20号胶期货、天然橡胶期权、天然橡胶标准仓单及延伸仓单、20号胶保税标准仓单、“保险+期货”和场外期权助企项目等,产品体系日益完善,服务实体产业丰富多样的风险管理需求。

自2006年起,天然橡胶期货市场规模大幅提升,持续位于全球天然橡胶衍生品市场首位,2022年在美国期货业协会(FIA)统计的全球农产品衍生品合约中排名第十位。

近年,天然橡胶期货总体呈现“交易平稳、结算流畅、交割顺利、风险可控”的良好态势。天然橡胶期货、20号胶期货与现货价格相关系数在0.9以上,有效反映了国内外天然橡胶的供需变化。天然橡胶期货价格已成为天然橡胶国内贸易的定价基准,为国家相关部委、协会的相关决策提供参考依据,为各方参与者、使用者发现价格、管理风险、配置资源提供了切实可靠、稳定有效的平台。

在调研中记者了解到,长期以来,云胶集团运用现货和期货两个市场,一方面参考期市价格指导现货销售,另一方面通过期货进行保值,借助参与期货交易获得了长足发展,并推动地区经济增长。由于期货交割品对产品质量、工艺要求严格,推动了行业产品质量、标准化管理方面的能力提升。

广垦橡胶集团表示,近年橡胶价格走势低迷,因疫情等因素导致成本高企,成本与收入倒挂,造成胶农一度“弃管弃割”。2021年起,广垦橡胶集团参与上期所“期权稳产行动”项目,割胶农户收入得到保障,稳定了胶企经营、稳定了胶农生产、稳定了垦区橡胶产量,促进了广东天然橡胶产业健康发展。

2022年,以20号胶期货作为定价基准所签订的跨境贸易合同提升至近140万吨,占我国天然橡胶进口量近三成。海胶集团相关负责人表示,上期所20号胶期货较海外同类品种更符合国内进口的计价、风险对冲需求,参与跨境贸易的国外客户涉及泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、老挝、非洲等国家和地区,体现出“上海胶”国际影响力在提升。下一步,上期所将着力构建中国特色现代天然橡胶期货衍生品体系,聚焦产业链和供应链稳定,全方位、多角度地服务好天然橡胶产业和实体经济的高质量发展。

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看法:橡胶为世界四大工业原料之一,目前满30年在上海期货交易所上市,已覆盖了期货期权,场内外,香蕉衍生品等。关于价格有研究指出现货价与期货价相关系数0.9以上,这代表期货价是非常影响现货价的参数。许多企业以期货价为基础来指定现货价格。经过疫情冲击,香蕉走势低迷,所以橡胶企业采取“期权稳定行动”来稳固橡胶价格,为香蕉农户收入得到保障,确保生活,也为企业带来风险的空管。橡胶外贸订单量2022升至140万吨,对于 橡胶期货此产品也值得都提着关注。

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